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4	Safety written programs Chemical hygiene plan OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1450 Hazardous communication plan. OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200
5	Laboratory Safety Rules Never carry out an experiment without knowing all the safety rules and procedures that apply to the laboratory work. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).
6	"Become familiar with the location..." Become familiar with the location and operation of all emergency laboratory equipment. Never eat, drink or smoke in areas where chemicals are located. Wash hands and arms thoroughly before leaving the laboratory, even if gloves have been worn. Wash lab coats and jackets on which chemicals have been spilled separately.
7	"Never pipette solutions by mouth" Never pipette solutions by mouth. Never allow horseplay. Always add acid to water. Never use any chemicals found in unlabeled containers. Never wear loose-fitting clothing, open toed shoes or unconfined hair in the laboratory. Never work alone or leave hazardous experiments unattended.
8	"Sandals and other open-toed shoes..." Sandals and other open-toed shoes are not allowed in the lab.
9	"If the experiment requires using..." If the experiment requires using toxic chemicals or the reaction will produce them, make sure you work under a fume hood. Never sniff a chemical directly. Never heat “soft” glass containers. Always use lubricant and cloth when inserting glass tubes or a thermometer into a cork or a rubber stopper.
10	"Never point the open end..." Never point the open end of a test tube at yourself or any other person while the tube is being heated or during a reaction. Keep the work area clean and uncluttered.
11	"Needles and sharps should be..." Needles and sharps should be disposed in puncture resistant containers. To prevent injuries, needles should not be recapped or bent or broken by hand.
12	Personal protective equipment (PPE) Eye protection. All persons in the lab must wear safety goggles. Contact lenses are not allowed in the lab. Use specialized glasses and shields when working with UV light, lasers, etc.
13	"Gloves." Gloves. Must be compatible with the chemicals being used. Inspect the gloves before use for defects or holes. Remove gloves and use new gloves before handling other objects to avoid cross contamination.
14	"Lab coats can be obtained..." Lab coats can be obtained at the Safety Office or at the Main Stockroom J-310.
15	Practicing safe science 29 minutes movie
16	Chemical Storage Chemicals should be stored according to their hazard classification and compatibility. Chemical storage areas must be clean, cool, dry, well ventilated and away from direct sunlight. Refrigerators used for the storage of flammables must be explosion proof.
17	"Chemicals should be properly labeled" Chemicals should be properly labeled. Containers of corrosive chemicals should be stored in trays large enough to contain spills or leakage. Store hazardous chemicals under the shoulder height of the shortest person working in the lab. Place chemicals at least 1 inch from the edge of the shelves. Shelving with containment lips and/or cover doors are highly recommended.
18	Chemical Storage Hazards 11 minute movie
19	Safety Equipment Eye wash station Safety shower Fire blanket Fire extinguisher Fume hood Biosafety cabinet Spill kit Phone
20	Eye Wash Station Find the location of the eye wash station in your lab. If chemicals come into contact with your eyes, forcibly open eyelids and flood eyes and eyelids with water for 15 minutes. Then cover the victim’s eyes with sterile gauze and seek medical attention.
21	Safety Shower Find the location of the safety shower in your lab. As long as the handle is pulled down, a continuous stream of water will be supplied. Remove all clothing and jewelry.
22	Fire blanket Find the location of the fire safety blanket in your lab. Used to keep shock victims warm and extinguish clothing fires and lipid (fat) fires .
23	Fire Extinguisher Make sure you have the right type of extinguisher in your lab. A typical Clark Extinguisher in the lab is an ABC. Class A-Paper, wood products Class B-Solvents, grease, oil Class C-Electrical Fire Class D-Combustible metals To operate think PASS: P - pull pin A -aim at base of fire S - squeeze handle S - sweep hose
24	Fume Hood A chemical fume hood is a partially enclosed workspace that is exhausted to the outside. When used properly, hazardous gases and vapors generated inside the hood are captured before they enter the breathing zone.
25	Fume Hood Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) Confirm that the hood is operational. Maintain operations at least 6” inside the hood. Lower sash to optimum working height. Keep head out of the fume hood. Keep fume hood storage to a minimum. Minimize foot traffic around the fume hood. Use extreme caution with ignition sources inside the fume hood.(hot plates, rotary evaporators) Replace hood components prior to use.
26	Biological cabinets (BSC) Biological Safety Cabinets are divided into three classes. They are classes I, II, III. The class is based on the amount of protection they provide. Class I: The investigator is partially protected, no protection for the sample. Class II: The investigator is partially protected and the sample is protected. Class III: Both sample and investigator are protected.
27	How to work a Bio-Safety Cabinet safely: Turn it on 5 minutes before use to allow the airflow to establish itself. Lower sash as far as you can. Do not block airflow. Secure papers to prevent entrapment in the exhaust line. Wipe down the surface with disinfectant before each use. Minimize hand movement Do not use an open flame inside the cabinet.
28	Spill Kit Find the location of the spill kit in your lab. Inside the box you will find an inventory list and instructions. Inspect kit for missing items.
29	Phone Find the location of the nearest accessible phone in your lab. The phone handle should have a sticker with the emergency contact number: Campus Police 7575
30	Other safety equipment Fire Hoses (Jeppson-end of each corridor) Emergency exits signs. Fire Pull Stations First aid kit
31	Gas Cylinder Safety Always read the label and consult MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet). Clearly mark cylinders as “Full”, “Empty” and “In use” with supplied yellow tear-off tags. Screw-on cap must be in place when cylinders are not in use and no regulator is attached.
32	Gas cylinder tear-off tags are available at the stockroom.
33	"Secure cylinders at all times..." Secure cylinders at all times to prevent tipping Never attempt to repair a cylinder or valve Stem. Always make sure that regulator, gases and fittings are compatible. Use a properly designed wheeled cart to move cylinders. Never roll or drag them.
34	EMERGENCY RESPONSE TRAINING COURSE FOR AWARENESS LEVEL RESPONDERS
35	Levels of competency Awareness Operations Technician On-Scene Commander
36	Awareness level First responders at the awareness level are those persons who, in the course of their normal duties, may encounter an emergency.
37	What an awareness level first responder must do in the event of an emergency: Initiate defensive actions. Initiate notification process.
38	Types of emergencies Explosion & Fire Medical Spill / Accidental release Electrical Shock
39	IMPORTANT There are several emergency phones on campus .These phones are located inside a yellow box. If an emergency takes place in your area of work that requires the evacuation of the building, leave the building through the nearest exit and use one of these emergency call boxes to contact campus police. Please, let the dispatcher know where and what event took place to ensure a quick and effective response to the crisis.
40	"To use the outdoor phone" To use the outdoor phone, students, faculty and staff should open the steel door by turning the handle. Pushing the emergency button located inside the box creates an automatic connection to University Police that cannot be disconnected. University Police automatically know which box has been activated. A microphone in the box allows University Police to hear anyone using the phone.
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45	FIRE Minor Fire Pull nearest fire alarm Pull Station. Assist others if there is no risk to yourself. Use correct Fire Extinguisher. Think PASS. Major Fire Pull nearest fire alarm Pull Station. Assist others if there is no risk to yourself. Evacuate closing, (NOT LOCKING) doors behind you. Follow instructions.
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47	Major Medical Emergencies basics Do not panic. Do not move injured person unless there is danger of further harm. Keep victim warm. Call Campus Police (7575) for assistance. Give as much details as possible about injuries and location of the victim. Ask somebody for assistance to meet and guide the ambulance crew to the location.
48	ELECTRICAL SHOCK Shock victims must be removed immediately from the source of electricity. To protect yourself, first turn the power off then use a non-conductive item such as a wooden stick to move the person away from the electrical source. Keep the victim lying down with feet elevated until help arrives. For help, call Campus Police (7575)
49	First aid supplies First-aid kits should be kept in all labs. Follow kit instructions for minor medical emergencies. Obtain replacement supplies and first aid manuals at the stockroom (J310).
50	"CHEMICAL SPILL" CHEMICAL SPILL BIOLOGICAL SPILL LEAKING GAS
51	Spill Response requirements Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Materials necessary for the cleaning (absorbent materials). Knowledge about the nature of the spill (Hazard, MSDS, Emergency Response Guide). Knowledge about how to decontaminate yourself after cleaning up the spill. Knowledge about how to dispose of the waste produced.
52	The Spill Kit Every lab MUST have a spill kit. Lab workers and students MUST know where the spill kit is in their lab, how to use it and where to find replacement items. Spill kits must be posted and within easy reach to all.
53	Spill kit Contents Safety goggles Disposable lab coat Gloves & booties Dust mask Vermiculite Acid neutralizer Base neutralizer Mercury Sponge pH paper 2 scoops Paper towels Waste bags with ties Labels for waste Instructions for use
54	Other items available at the Safety Office Full face respirators Face shields Various types of gloves. Various kinds of absorbents and neutralizers. A mop and bucket Containers and labels for waste. Danger signs Reference materials Shoe covers
55	When faced with a spill, ALWAYS…
56	Cleaning a chemical spill step by step 1. Help anybody that might be contaminated by flushing the area splashed. The safety shower, eye wash unit, or the sink can be used for this purpose. 2. Inform persons in the vicinity of the spill. Evacuate all nonessential personnel from the spill area, and post a danger sign.
57	"3." 3. Always use rubber gloves and tweezers to pick up broken glass. Dispose of glass and sharps in specially marked, puncture-proof containers 4. If the material spilled is flammable turn off ignition sources. 5. Avoid breathing vapors by opening windows or working the fume hoods. 6. Consult reference literature to learn more about the dangers associated with the substance and the right procedure to clean up the spill.
58	"7." 7. Use the materials and instructions in your spill kit to clean the spill. 8. Wash your hands and any other areas such as the soles of your shoes that could have been contaminated . 9. Report incident to the laboratory supervisor and the Safety Office.
59	"If the substance spilled was..." If the substance spilled was hazardous. The waste produced will be considered hazardous waste and will have to be brought to the safety office for disposal within 72 hours.
60	MERCURY SPILLS Mercury is toxic to the human nervous system. Mercury can enter the body either through skin absorption or through inhalation of Mercury vapors. Small beads of Mercury will vaporize at room temperature.
61	"Do not allow Mercury to..." Do not allow Mercury to enter the drain. Contaminated clothing will have to be discarded as hazardous waste since it cannot be washed.
62	Cleaning up a broken mercury Thermometer spill step by step 1. Help anybody that might be contaminated by flushing the area splashed. The safety shower, eye wash unit, or the sink can be used for this purpose. 2. Inform persons in the vicinity of the spill. Evacuate all nonessential personnel from the spill area, and post a danger sign.
63	"3." 3. Locate the Mercury spill kit in your lab or obtain a kit from the stockroom. 4. Read instructions for a Mercury spill clean up. 5. Put on protective clothing, Disposable apron, shoe covers, safety goggles, and nitrile gloves. REMEMBER: If you spill Mercury on your clothing you will have to dispose of it as a hazardous waste. Mercury cannot not be washed off.
64	"6." 6. Mark the area of the spill with a piece of chalk. 7. Place all the pieces of the broken thermometer inside two previously marked hazardous waste bags (double bag). Use tweezers to pick up the glass. NEVER DISPOSE OF MERCURY CONTAMINATED GLASS IN TRASH OR GLASS CONTAINER. 8.Unscrew a Mercury Absorb™ Jar and dampen the sponge evenly with about 2ml of water.
65	"9." 9. Slowly move the sponge over the surface to be cleaned until all the Mercury is amalgamated. 10.Screw the sponge attached lid back onto the jar, and place it inside of the double bag. 11. Remove disposable apron and shoe covers. Place in the waste bag. 12. Remove gloves one at a time by grasping the wrist end and pulling toward the fingers. The gloves will become inside out. Place them inside the bag and seal the bag.
66	"13." 13. Vigorously wash hands, arms and shoe soles with lots of soap and water for at least one full minute. 14. Bring the hazardous waste bag to the safety officer immediately.
67	BIOLOGICAL SPILL Biological spills are those that could involve potentially hazardous microorganisms or contaminated body fluids.
68	Cleaning up a biological spill step by step 1. Help anybody that might be contaminated by flushing the area splashed. The safety shower, eye wash unit, or the sink can be used for this purpose. 2. Inform persons in the vicinity of the spill. Evacuate all nonessential personnel from the spill area, and post a danger sign.
69	"3." 3. Put on protective equipment. This includes a laboratory coat with long sleeves, tear-resistant gloves (wear two pairs), disposable shoe covers and safety goggles. 4. Cover spill with paper towels. 5. Carefully pour a freshly prepared 1 to 10 dilution of household bleach and water. First, bleach the edges and then the center areas. Avoid splashing. 6. Let the spill soak for a minimum of 20 minutes.
70	"7." 7. After 20 minutes clean the spill with fresh towels soaked in bleach or disinfectant. 8. Bleached materials are disinfected and can go to the trash, Bleach cannot be autoclaved. 9. Remove gloves one at a time by grasping the wrist end and pulling toward the fingers. The gloves should become inside out.
71	"10." 10. All contaminated protective equipment should be placed in another waste bag and autoclaved. 11. Vigorously wash hands, arms and the soles of shoes with lots of soap and water for at least one full minute. 12. Report incident to laboratory Supervisor and Safety Officer.
72	Leaking gas cylinders If a leaking cylinder is discovered, move it to a safe place if the gas is inert (non- reactive). Inform the Chemical Safety Office. Do not move if the gas is reactive. Call the Safety Office Immediately. NEVER attempt to repair a cylinder or valve stem.
73	HOW TO USE A SAFETY SHOWER 1. Place person under the shower head and pull the chain. 2. Call Campus Police (7575) for medical help. 4. Put on a pair of gloves and remove all the person’s clothes, shoes and jewelry. 5. Let the water run for at least 15 minutes. 6. Cover the victim with a blanket.
74	HOW TO USE AN EYE WASH UNIT 1. Approach the nearest eye wash unit. 2. Open eyelids widely to ensure effective washing. 3. Flush the eyes and eyelids from the nose to the ear for at least 15 minutes or until Emergency Medical Services arrive. 4. Cover the eyes with gauze 5. Call Campus Police (7575) for medical help.
75	Accident report All accidents or near misses must be reported to the safety office, even if minor and there are no injuries involved.
76	INFORMATION RESOURCES Safety Office MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheets-located in the cage) Chemical Labels NFPA Fire Diamond placard NIOSH Pocket guide to Chemical Hazards Emergency Response Guidebook Various Hot lines
77	Hot lines Massachusetts Poison Control Center 1-800-682-9211 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 1-800-356-4674 CHEMTREC 1-800-424-9300
78	Campus contact numbers Keep a sticker on your phone with the Campus Police number (7575). When calling for help, you should provide detailed information about the type and location of the emergency. Follow the instructions. Safety Officer for Chemical and Biological Emergencies : Frank Abell EXT: 7280 Radiation Safety Officer: Dave Thurlow EXT.7621
79	Emergency Response 12 minute movie.
80	Waste Management Each laboratory is responsible for complying with hazardous waste regulations and for following University procedures written in accordance with DEP 310 CMR 30 regarding waste collection, segregation and labeling.
81	USED BATTERIES Alkaline Batteries (AAA, AA, C, D and 9 volt) produced after 1994 are not hazardous and can be disposed in the regular trash. All other types need to be brought to the Safety Office or to a collection site to be recycled. For the nearest collection site call: 1-800-8-BATTERY.
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83	The Clark Recycling Program There are several recycling bins around campus. These bins collect the following materials: Gray/blue bins: All paper and cardboard Yellow bins: plastic, glass and aluminum To request a pick-up or for information about the program, call extension 7202.
84	What is chemical waste? Old chemicals that can no longer be used Chemicals with erased or missing labels Materials that cannot be identified
85	What can go in the trash... Inert or innocuous solids. Empty containers, once they have been triple rinsed. Labels should be defaced.
86	What can be flushed down a chemical sink with lots of water…. Flammable liquids in quantities less than 100 ml, when the chemical is miscible with water and biodegradable. Other non-toxic materials that are miscible with water and are biodegradable. Acids, caustics and salts diluted to a 10% or less solution.
87	What can be disposed of by evaporation Chemicals with rapid rates of evaporation, environmentally friendly and non-toxic. Chemicals that do not form explosive or flammable residues upon evaporation.
88	Disposal by neutralization Conversion of toxic chemicals to less toxic ones. Mixing of inert materials such as sand or vermiculite with very active chemicals. Reference Literature in Library : Hazardous Laboratory Chemicals Disposal Guide. 2nd edition. By Margaret-Ann Armour.
89	Waste can only be “treated” as part of the experiment and/or learning procedure, or by a licensed individual. Neutralization, mixing with inert materials and other procedures to minimize waste or reduce its toxicity is considered treatment. You must have a permit.
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91	What is Hazardous Waste ? A material is considered hazardous waste if the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) or Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MADEP) specifically lists it as a hazardous waste or if it exhibits a hazardous characteristic.
92	"Hazardous Waste Characteristics:" Hazardous Waste Characteristics: Ignitable: Flash point less than 140 degrees F. Corrosive: pH less than 2.0 or greater than 12.5. Reactive: Unstable, shock-sensitive or generates cyanide or sulfide gases. Toxic: Waste that equals or exceeds a designated concentration of certain toxic compounds.
93	Regulatory authority United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Law: 40CFR 260-268 Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MADEP) Law: 310 CMR 30
94	Accumulation Areas The temporary accumulation of hazardous waste must be maintained in designated storage areas known as Satellite Accumulation areas (SAA). Once the waste container in the SAA is full, it must be brought to the Main Accumulation area (MAA) within 3 days(72 hours) to be shipped off site within 180 days to a Treatment, Storage or Disposal Facility (TSDF).
95	Satellite Accumulation Area (SAA) Can only accumulate waste generated at that specific point, (your laboratory). If the area accumulates acutely hazardous waste, one quart is the maximum amount allowed to be accumulated. If waste is not acutely hazardous, SAA can accumulate up to 55 gallons of waste.
96	"The SAA must be under..." The SAA must be under the control of the person directly responsible for the process generating the wastes. The SAA should be located in the fume hood or other cool and dry location. The area where the waste is kept should be posted with the words “Hazardous Waste Satellite Accumulation Area”.
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98	"Waste must be kept inside..." Waste must be kept inside a dishwashing pan, basin or tub to prevent spills, and segregated from incompatible chemicals. The container must be in good condition. They must not be corroded, leaking or encrusted with residue. Use only one container per waste stream. The container must be compatible with the waste, and should never be overfilled. An 80% full container is considered full by the EPA.
99	"Since disposal cost is based..." Since disposal cost is based on container size and not on the net contents of a container, try to fill bottles up to at least 80% and combine compatible waste to reduce cost. The container holding hazardous waste must be closed at ALL TIMES, except when waste is being added. Containers reused for waste must have the original label defaced to avoid confusion regarding contents.
100	Most common categories of waste in the Chemistry Labs Halogenated Organic solvents. Liquids that contain one or more of the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine in their chemical structures. Non-halogenated Organic Solvents (ex. Acetone). Heavy metals, transition metals and the heavier elements of groups 13(Boron),14(Carbon),and 15(Nitrogen).
101	Label Requirements Give full name of contents. No abbreviations!. The container holding the hazardous waste must be marked with the words: “Hazardous Waste” List components and their percentages and specify the hazard as: Ignitable, corrosive, reactive or toxic. Date container once it is full.(EPA Definition- 80% is full)
102	THE HAZARDOUS WASTE LABEL
103	What to do with waste Once the container is full, date the waste, and bring to the Safety Officer within 72 hours (3 days).
104	What is bio-hazardous waste? Anything derived from a living thing or that comes into contact with living things.
105	Examples of bio-hazardous waste Antibodies Bacteria Cells and cell extracts DNA Gels Protein RNA Serum Supernatants from centrifugation spins of cells, viruses, or bacteria. Syringes, sharps, pipettes, gloves and other lab ware that has come in contact with a biological specimen.
106	What to do with bio-hazardous waste Liquids: Add to the waste a 10% solution of bleach , let it sit for 30 minutes and then pour down the drain. Solids: Discard in bins lined with biohazard bags and autoclave. Sharps: Dispose in a sharps disposal box and autoclave.
107	Important note: Any waste containing bleach cannot be autoclaved!!!! Any waste containing 10% bleach is considered clean from biohazards and DOES NOT NEED autoclaving.
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109	Material Safety Data Sheets Provide information about: Product identification and ingredients Physical data Fire and explosion data Health hazard data Emergency and first aid procedures Reactivity data Spill, leak and disposal procedures Personal protection information
110	WHERE MSDS SHEETS ARE The main MSDS database is located in “the cage” (photocopy room). Every lab should have Its own MSDS binder.
111	Labeling of Chemicals Required by law. Container MUST provide the full name of the chemicals inside. NO ABBREVIATIONS!!! Hazardous chemicals need to provide basic warning information. Make sure you remove or completely deface old labels. Inspect labels and replace those that are hard to read or falling off.
112	The National Fire Protection Association. NFPA Labels. NFPA uses a symbol system designed as a diamond-shaped label containing four differently colored squares. A number (0-4) or an abbreviation is added to each square indicating the order of hazard severity. The higher the number, the greater the hazard.
113	NFPA LABELING SYSTEM Red background: Flammability Blue Background: Health hazard. Yellow Background: Reactivity. White Background: Specific Hazard.
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115	RED BACKGROUND: Flammability 4 - flash point < 73º F 3 - flash point < 100ºF 2 - flash point > 100ºF to < 200 ºF 1 - flash point > 200ºF 0 - will not burn
116	Blue Background: Health Hazard 4 - Deadly 3 - Extreme danger 2 - Hazardous 1 -Slightly Hazardous 0 - No Hazard
117	Yellow Background: Reactivity 4 - Explosive at room temperature. 3 - Shock and heat may detonate 2 - Violent reaction with water 1 - Unsafe if heated, not violent 0 - Not reactive with water.
118	White Background: Specific Hazard Oxidizer : OX Acid: ACID Alkali: ALK Corrosive: CORR Use No Water: W
119	PICTORIALS
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121	Door Postings The door to your lab should inform outside persons of all the dangers inside and who to contact in case of an emergency. Signs should be up to date. The Laboratory Supervisor and Safety Officer are responsible for ensuring compliance with this program. The Safety Officer will provide the supervisor all information and materials necessary to properly post dangers on the doors.
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123	Chemical Hazards 10 minutes movie
124	EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook Get a copy by calling The Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency at Phone: (508) 820-2000 Fax: (508) 820-2030 On line version at: http://hazmat.dot.gov/pubs/erg/gydebook
125	NIOSH Pocket guide to chemical Hazards A booklet published by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Useful when selecting respirators and other personal protective equipment. A copy of the guide can be obtained by: Calling NIOSH at 1-800-356-4674 on-line at www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/pgdstart.html
126	CLARK UNIVERSITY ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY WEB PAGE http://www2.clarku.edu/resources/safety/
127	BEST SAFETY WEBSITE AWARD Oklahoma State University Environmental Health and Safety Web page has just about all the information you need regarding Safety in Academics. www.pp.okstate.edu/ehs/index.htm
128	Questions and Answers
129	SAFETY QUIZ