{"id":29365,"date":"2026-09-03T12:22:02","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:22:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/?post_type=story&#038;p=29365"},"modified":"2026-09-10T15:30:36","modified_gmt":"2026-09-10T19:30:36","slug":"deciphering-black-holes-problematic-proteins-and-intelligent-bacteria-75-undergraduates-experience-clarks-summer-of-science","status":"publish","type":"story","link":"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/2026\/09\/03\/deciphering-black-holes-problematic-proteins-and-intelligent-bacteria-75-undergraduates-experience-clarks-summer-of-science\/","title":{"rendered":"Deciphering black holes and problematic proteins: 75 undergraduates experience \u2018Summer of Science\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n<p>Seventy-five undergraduate science majors at Clark spent the summer working closely with faculty mentors and diving deep into research. Their projects ranged from black holes in outer space to the ubiquitin protein system, whose dysregulation can lead to the development of cancer and other serious diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On July 30, students participating in Clark\u2019s \u201cSummer of Science\u201d celebrated with a lunch and research poster presentation in Tilton Hall, which drew faculty and staff from campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<aside class=\"wp-block-group alignright boxout has-lighter-teal-background-color has-background is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-6ad1ded9 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-explore-the-world-through-science\">Explore the world through science<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/3-2-engineering\/\">3\/2 Engineering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/programs\/major\/biochemistry-and-molecular-biology-bs\/\">Biochemistry &amp; molecular biology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/programs\/major\/biology-bs\/\">Biology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/programs\/major\/chemistry-bs\/\">Chemistry<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/programs\/major\/computer-science-bs\/\">Computer science<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/programs\/major\/environmental-science-bs\/\">Environmental science<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/programs\/major\/mathematics-bs\/\">Mathematics<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/programs\/major\/physics-bs\/\">Physics<\/a><\/p>\n<\/aside>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cSummer research is a powerful example of the hands-on, experiential learning at the heart of the Clark experience,\u201d said <a href=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/faculty\/profiles\/don-spratt\/\">Don Spratt,<\/a> chair and professor in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/departments\/chemistry\/\">Gustaf H. Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry<\/a>, who organized Clark\u2019s STEM Summer Undergraduate Research Opportunities program. \u201cStudents work closely with faculty mentors, ask real questions, troubleshoot when things don\u2019t go as planned, and learn what it means to contribute to an active research project.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Through a series of professional development workshops, students learned soft skills, like how to communicate about their research, plan and apply for graduate school and jobs, and \u2014 in a session titled \u201cReady or Not: The Science Student\u2019s Guide to Almost Adulthood\u201d \u2014 face the realities of&nbsp;post-college life and work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cBy the end of the summer,\u201d Spratt added, \u201cthey have developed a clearer sense of what they can accomplish at Clark and beyond.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Students received research fellowships and other funding, allowing them to live in Worcester for the summer, he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Below, meet a few student researchers and learn about their experiences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-22-web-2-1024x683.avif\" alt=\"Students showing their posters at the STEM send-off celebration\" class=\"wp-image-29355\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-22-web-2-1024x683.avif 1024w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-22-web-2-300x200.avif 300w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-22-web-2-768x512.avif 768w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-22-web-2-1536x1024.avif 1536w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-22-web-2-2048x1365.avif 2048w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-22-web-2-1200x800.avif 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-applying-math-to-study-black-holes\">Applying math to study black holes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Student researchers:<\/strong> Reevu Majumdar \u201927, mathematics major; Rahban Yoftahe \u201927, double major in mathematics and computer science<br><strong>Faculty mentor:<\/strong> Professor <a href=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/faculty\/profiles\/aghil-alaee-khangha\/\">Aghil Alaee Khangha<\/a><br><strong>Funding: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/career-center\/erickson-research-award\/\">Erickson Research Award<\/a>; Khangha\u2019s National Science Foundation (NSF) LEAPS-MPS grant<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Working with Professor Alaee, Majumdar (above) and Yoftahe are applying advanced mathematics and differential geometry to study black holes and Einstein\u2019s theory of general relativity, the idea that mass curves spacetime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Relativity, according to Yoftahe, is \u201clike a trampoline, and then you put a bowling ball at the middle. You see how it stretches it out? That\u2019s basically what it is.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The researchers are trying to understand a fundamental question: How does spacetime bend around an object of enormous mass, and what can the geometry of that curvature tell researchers about the object\u2019s mass and other properties?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe language of the universe is basically defined through math,\u201d Majumdar said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Last spring, in preparation for their research and to build their foundation in mathematics, they took a directed study with Alaee on differential geometry, which Majumdar described as \u201cthe hardest thing ever\u201d and \u201ctruly, truly mind-bending.\u201d Once they began studying geometric analysis and tackling black-hole computations, they better understood the material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s very nice to see the math that we\u2019re doing has a tangible application,\u201d he added. \u201cWe can see how it\u2019s working, and it makes sense.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-8-web-1-1024x683.avif\" alt=\"Students showing their posters at the STEM send-off celebration\" class=\"wp-image-29353\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-8-web-1-1024x683.avif 1024w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-8-web-1-300x200.avif 300w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-8-web-1-768x512.avif 768w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-8-web-1-1536x1024.avif 1536w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-8-web-1-2048x1365.avif 2048w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-8-web-1-1200x800.avif 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-movement-of-mighty-magnetic-microorganisms\">The movement of mighty, magnetic microorganisms<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Student researcher:<\/strong> Finn Baker \u201927, physics major<br><strong>Faculty mentor:<\/strong> Professor <a href=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/faculty\/profiles\/alexander-petroff\/\">Alexander Petroff<\/a><br><strong>Funding:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/2021\/08\/09\/physics-professor-alexander-petroff-receives-nsf-award-to-study-the-movement-of-bacteria\/\">Petroff\u2019s NSF CAREER grant<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Working with Petroff and his research team, Baker studied magnetotactic multicellular bacteria (MMBs) \u2014 saltwater microorganisms containing iron crystals that, like the needle on a compass, allow them to detect the Earth\u2019s magnetic field.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The organisms use their sensitivity to remain \u2014 and survive \u2014&nbsp;at the right depth of the water. They avoid moving too close to the water\u2019s surface, where they would encounter too much oxygen, or sinking too deep, where there is too little O2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The study aims to \u201celucidate the physical mechanisms underlying the evolution of multicellular life,\u201d according to Petroff\u2019s NSF proposal. \u201cThese aggregates are unique in their ability to coordinate the growth and collective motion of their constituent cells. Understanding this ability will contribute to the design of biomimetic micro-systems.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>\u201cIt\u2019s really helpful to know more people at the school who can help you and direct you to what you might want to do in the future.\u201d<\/p><cite>\u2014 <strong>Rue Savoie \u201927, biochemistry and molecular biology major<\/strong><\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This summer, the research team collected the organisms near Falmouth, Baker said. They constructed a special box with chambers, through which they subjected the organism to controlled magnetic fields and tracked how they moved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s extraordinarily and genuinely fascinating to look at a living organism with a type of intelligence,\u201d Baker said. \u201cIt\u2019s evolved to almost \u2018understand\u2019 and work with a natural force on Earth that we tend to ignore.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-2-web-1024x683.avif\" alt=\"Students showing their posters at the STEM send-off celebration\" class=\"wp-image-29350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-2-web-1024x683.avif 1024w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-2-web-300x200.avif 300w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-2-web-768x512.avif 768w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-2-web-1536x1024.avif 1536w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-2-web-2048x1365.avif 2048w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-2-web-1200x800.avif 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-building-a-bigger-better-crystal-to-conduct-experiments\">Building a bigger, better crystal to conduct experiments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Student researcher: <\/strong>Mali Flint \u201929, chemistry major<strong><br>Faculty mentor: <\/strong>Professor <a href=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/faculty\/profiles\/luis-smith\/\">Luis Smith<\/a><strong><br>Funding: <\/strong>Frederick M. and Alice Murdock Summer Science Internship<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Flint worked on a materials-chemistry project involving rubidium potassium bismuth niobium oxide, a type of crystalline material known as a perovskite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the lab, researchers have produced such crystals that are only 2 to 20 microns across. Because they are so small, they are more difficult to study and use in experiments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But this summer, \u201cwe were able to get them to be around 200 microns, and so that unlocks a lot of potential\u201d for experiments, Flint said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Seeking to reproduce these large crystals, she changed two variables: how long the material spent in a furnace at about 950 degrees Celsius, and the proportion of molten rubidium chloride used in the synthesis <em>(in the lead photo at top, Flint places materials in the furnace)<\/em>. The longer heating times and higher ratios of rubidium chloride produced larger crystalline plates more consistently, she found.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Perovskites have applications in solar cells and semiconductors, although Flint said her materials research is \u201cvery foundational.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-43-web-1-1024x683.avif\" alt=\"Students showing their posters at the STEM send-off celebration\" class=\"wp-image-29357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-43-web-1-1024x683.avif 1024w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-43-web-1-300x200.avif 300w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-43-web-1-768x512.avif 768w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-43-web-1-1536x1024.avif 1536w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-43-web-1-2048x1365.avif 2048w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-43-web-1-1200x800.avif 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-studying-proteins-to-fight-disease\">Studying proteins to fight disease<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Student researcher:<\/strong> Rue Savoie \u201927, biochemistry and molecular biology major<br><strong>Faculty mentor:<\/strong> Professor <a href=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/faculty\/profiles\/don-spratt\/\">Don Spratt<\/a><br><strong>Funding:<\/strong> Maurine H. Milburn Summer Research Fellowship<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Savoie studied ubiquitin, a protein that attaches to other proteins and can regulate their activity, direct them to different parts of the cell, or mark unwanted or misfolded proteins for destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In particular, she studied E3 ubiquitin ligases, the enzymes involved in transferring ubiquitin from one protein to another. Mutations disrupt the functionality of E3 ubiquitin ligases, leading to cancers as well as neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, according to Savoie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Her ongoing project uses a technique to measure how quickly ubiquitin is transferred between proteins. Researchers use fluorescent tags that, depending on how close the molecules are to one another, change the color of emitted light. That allows them to measure the kinetics of ubiquitin transfer in real time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By introducing small molecules to see whether they speed up or slow down the process, researchers could identify compounds to be used in drug development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Building on work by previous students, Savoie produced and purified proteins needed for experiments and refined the experimental methods to make the measurements more precise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Savoie, who plans to continue working in Spratt\u2019s lab for the next two years, has valued her experience with the summer STEM program, especially mixing and mingling with more faculty researchers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s really helpful to know more people at the school who can help you and direct you to what you might want to do in the future,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-3-web-2-1024x683.avif\" alt=\"Students showing their posters at the STEM send-off celebration\" class=\"wp-image-29352\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-3-web-2-1024x683.avif 1024w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-3-web-2-300x200.avif 300w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-3-web-2-768x512.avif 768w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-3-web-2-1536x1024.avif 1536w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-3-web-2-2048x1365.avif 2048w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/STEM_Send_Off_Celebration_Jul_2026-3-web-2-1200x800.avif 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-i-m-super-interested-in-everything-virology\">\u2018I\u2019m super-interested in everything virology\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Student researcher:<\/strong> Abigail Jensen \u201928, biochemistry and molecular biology major<br><strong>Faculty mentor:<\/strong> Professor <a href=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/faculty\/profiles\/nathan-ahlgren\/\">Nathan Ahlgren<\/a><br><strong>Funding:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/career-center\/internships\/funding-for-opportunities\/\">Edwin A. Weiller Summer Science Fellowship<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Part of Ahlgren\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/2024\/10\/17\/biologist-wins-1-5-6-million-nsf-career-grant-to-study-how-iron-helps-the-world-breathe\/\">NSF CAREER grant-funded research team<\/a>, Jensen is studying the complex relationship between marine cyanobacteria and the viruses that infect them. <em>Synechococcus<\/em> \u2014 tiny photosynthetic marine bacteria \u2014 play an important role at the base of ocean food webs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jensen\u2019s project focuses on a <em>Synechococcus<\/em> culture known as 11R, which coexists with a virus called Rim34.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bacteria living with the Rim34 virus appear more resistant to infection by other viruses. Jensen is trying to determine whether that resistance results from the fact that 11R and Rim34 coexist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To do so, she\u2019s trying to create a virus-free version of the 11R culture. By removing Rim34 and then exposing the bacteria to other viruses, the researchers could determine whether the bacteria lose their heightened resistance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Synechococcus<\/em> bacteria account for a significant portion of ocean primary productivity, but the viruses can kill them. By examining this bacteria-virus relationship, scientists can better understand marine ecosystems and the ocean food web, according to Jensen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI\u2019m super-interested in everything virology. I\u2019m hoping to go into immunology or pathogenesis in the future, so being able to look at these microbe interactions is fascinating to me,\u201d she said. \u201cI feel very fortunate that I\u2019m able to do such a cool project that I\u2019m really passionate about.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Joining Ahlgren\u2019s lab, she added, \u201cis probably the most meaningful experience I\u2019ve had to have here at Clark.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This summer, Jensen began to understand what it\u2019s like to work in a professional research lab. \u201cIt\u2019s interesting to kind of see what like a real 9-to-5 looks like.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>She had this advice for incoming students: \u201cIf you want to do research, Clark is the perfect place to do it, and you should just take that initiative and go for it.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-photos-by-steven-king-university-photographer\">Photos by Steven King, University Photographer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Seventy-five undergraduate science majors at Clark spent the summer working closely with faculty mentors and diving deep into research.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":29447,"template":"","meta":{"story_color":"var(--clarku-color-dark-orange)","story_headerImg":29447,"section_label":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[227],"displayed_author":[242],"featured":[495],"topic":[160,162,127,121],"class_list":["post-29365","story","type-story","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science-technology","displayed_author-meredith-woodward-king","featured-research","topic-faculty-research","topic-research","topic-undergraduate-research","topic-undergraduate-students"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.1 (Yoast SEO v28.5) - 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