{"id":27698,"date":"2026-04-02T13:33:41","date_gmt":"2026-04-02T17:33:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/?post_type=story&#038;p=27698"},"modified":"2026-04-07T10:14:09","modified_gmt":"2026-04-07T14:14:09","slug":"once-upon-a-time-in-bollywood","status":"publish","type":"story","link":"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/2026\/04\/02\/once-upon-a-time-in-bollywood\/","title":{"rendered":"Once upon a time in Bollywood"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-professor-explores-how-hindi-remakes-of-popular-u-s-films-have-reflected-and-helped-shape-global-culture\">Professor explores how Hindi remakes of popular U.S. films have reflected \u2014 and helped shape \u2014 global culture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Screen Studies Professor <a href=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/faculty\/profiles\/gohar-siddiqui\/\">Gohar Siddiqui<\/a> recalls the serendipitous moment she became excited about researching Bollywood remakes of Hollywood films. She was in a graduate school film class watching \u201cBonnie and Clyde,\u201d the 1967 crime-drama biopic about the infamous 1930s gangster couple who committed robberies and murders across the American South.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And she experienced a sense of <em>d\u00e9j\u00e0 vu<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt was my first time watching this film, yet I kept having this niggling feeling at moments: \u2018I\u2019ve seen this before,\u2019\u201d Siddiqui says. \u201cIt turns out I had just watched <em>\u2018Bunty aur Babli\u2019 <\/em>a few weeks earlier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe films, both brilliant, are very different in some ways,\u201d she recalls. \u201cThe format, the song and dance numbers, and the comedy of <em>\u2018Bunty aur Babli\u2019 <\/em>are at odds with the tone of \u2018Bonnie and Clyde.\u2019 And yet, there are similarities, so my first response was a pleasurable feeling associated with having seen it before.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That experience sparked her interest in \u201ctransnational cinematic intertextuality and influence,\u201d according to Siddiqui.<br><br>Eventually, she was inspired to research remakes and write <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/D%C3%A9j%C3%A0-Viewed-Bollywood-Hollywood-Horizons\/dp\/B0DTDBK275\">\u201cD\u00e9j\u00e0 Viewed: Nation, Gender, and Genre in Bollywood Remakes of Hollywood Cinema.\u201d<\/a> The book examines how ideologies of the nation, gender, and genres are negotiated in Bollywood remakes that cross cultural and industrial borders. Its title refers to the sense of <em>d\u00e9j\u00e0 vu<\/em> that audiences experience when \u201cviewing\u201d remakes, \u201csomething that is new and yet feels familiar,\u201d she explains. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/Gohar_Siddiqui_17_MAR_2026-17-web-1024x683.avif\" alt=\"Screen Studies Professor Gohar Siddiqui\" class=\"wp-image-27782\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/Gohar_Siddiqui_17_MAR_2026-17-web-1024x683.avif 1024w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/Gohar_Siddiqui_17_MAR_2026-17-web-300x200.avif 300w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/Gohar_Siddiqui_17_MAR_2026-17-web-768x512.avif 768w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/Gohar_Siddiqui_17_MAR_2026-17-web-1536x1025.avif 1536w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/Gohar_Siddiqui_17_MAR_2026-17-web-1200x800.avif 1200w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/Gohar_Siddiqui_17_MAR_2026-17-web.avif 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Screen Studies Professor Gohar Siddiqui<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cFrom its beginnings, film has been an art form that has been intertextual and truly transnational,\u201d says Siddiqui, who teaches classes on the history of international cinema, film genre, Bollywood, and global remakes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When she first began digging into Bollywood remakes, Siddiqui couldn\u2019t find much scholarship on the topic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But she discovered that \u201cfan blogs and reviews of Bollywood films were suddenly offering this amazing plethora of information about remakes. People were <em>into<\/em> remakes, and they were recognizing various references to, and similarities between, films from contemporary Bollywood and from various other industries, such as older Hindi films, films from regional film industries in India, and from international cinema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cOf these, Hollywood was referenced more often than other films, in part because people were watching new and old Hollywood films through cable and satellite TV that became easily accessible to most households in the 1990s.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-q-amp-a-with-screen-studies-professor-gohar-siddiqui\">Q&amp;A with Screen Studies Professor Gohar Siddiqui<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In a recent interview, Siddiqui further discussed her book, how her Clark courses influence her scholarship, and what she\u2019s working on now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-in-your-book-why-do-you-focus-on-bollywood-remake-films-after-1990\">In your book, why do you focus on Bollywood remake films after 1990?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Globalization in the \u201990s affected the kinds of genres that were being produced in India, who the target audiences were, and how gendered ideologies about the nation were negotiated, particularly through the remake.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, I could see how the remakes were important cultural texts that could be studied to understand how Bollywood, as a global industry, negotiated globalization and ideologies of gender, and the implications that had on a nation\u2019s cultural ideas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>\u201cHollywood itself has a long history of producing remakes of domestic and international films and thus participates in practices of borrowing that may or may not acknowledge their sources.\u201d<\/p><cite>\u2014 screen studies professor gohar siddiqui<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-has-bollywood-been-defined-historically-and-how-has-this-meaning-changed-over-time\">How has \u201cBollywood\u201d been defined historically, and how has this meaning changed over time?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>This is such a good question. Although the term \u201cBollywood\u201d is often used to indicate all of popular Hindi cinema (also called Bombay cinema), the term connotes place, ideological positioning, and global presence as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bombay (now called Mumbai) is the city where the Hindi film industry began, so \u201cBollywood,\u201d as the name suggests, was used by some as a derogatory name that indicated Hindi films that rely on copying from Hollywood. There are other versions of this kind of naming (such as \u201cNollywood\u201d for Nigerian cinema). Ideologically, this approach places Bollywood, Nollywood, and others as imitators of Hollywood, thus creating a hierarchy between the Western film industry and mainstream industries from other parts of the world. As a result, these non-Western film industries are seen as lacking originality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"677\" src=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/Theweddingparty-web-1024x677.avif\" alt=\"Poster for &quot;The Wedding Party,&quot; a Nigerian film\" class=\"wp-image-27784\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/Theweddingparty-web-1024x677.avif 1024w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/Theweddingparty-web-300x198.avif 300w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/Theweddingparty-web-768x508.avif 768w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/Theweddingparty-web-1536x1016.avif 1536w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/Theweddingparty-web-1200x794.avif 1200w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/Theweddingparty-web.avif 1902w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u201cThe Wedding Party,\u201d a 2016 Nigerian film, is considered to have launched \u201cNollywood,\u201d a designation that plays on the word \u201dBollywood.\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This is problematic because all mainstream industries rely on formulae that borrow tropes and plots in standard forms like genres, sequels, and remakes. For instance, Hollywood itself has a long history of producing remakes of domestic and international films and thus participates in practices of borrowing that may or may not acknowledge their sources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bollywood was officially granted industry status for film production in 1998. Yet, the name also gained currency in the \u201990s specifically for certain kinds of Hindi films, such as the diasporic family films. There were filmmakers who refused to let their films be categorized as \u201cBollywood\u201d to differentiate their work from these kinds of formula films. Many film scholars, including myself, tend to associate the term \u201cBollywood\u201d with post-\u201990s films instead of seeing it as synonymous with the Hindi film industry. We thus see Bollywood as a part of the much larger body of films that comprise the entire industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Popular Hindi cinema has always had transnational appeal outside of South Asia, including the African continent, the former USSR, and parts of Europe. It started gaining popularity in mainstream Western markets in the late \u201990s primarily as \u201cBollywood\u201d because of various reasons tied to globalization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"602\" height=\"880\" src=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/Amrita-Rao.avif\" alt=\"Amrita Rao\" class=\"wp-image-27789\" style=\"width:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/Amrita-Rao.avif 602w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/Amrita-Rao-205x300.avif 205w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Actor Amrita Rao in the \u201dBollywood pink\u201d she and other Hindi film stars made famous.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Globally, the term \u201cBollywood\u201d is also used as an adjective and is associated with more than just films. In my book, I quote the Indian film scholar and cultural theorist Ashish Rajadhyaksha, who sees Bollywood as the \u201cexport lager\u201d of Indian cinema. For instance, the international reality TV show franchise \u201cSo You Think You Can Dance\u201d had a staple genre, one of which was Bollywood. I remember seeing a dress in a U.S. store whose color was advertised as \u201cBollywood pink.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As I have taught Hindi films over the years, I have noticed that students know more about these films, in part because of how the word \u201cBollywood\u201d has become familiar in the United States. \u201cBollywood\u201d connotes certain colors, flashiness, and dance styles, among other things. And so paradoxically, the term \u201cBollywood\u201d is both a <em>subset<\/em> of Hindi cinema and <em>more than<\/em> Hindi cinema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-the-interplay-between-gender-and-nation-evident-in-bollywood-remakes\">What is the interplay between gender and nation evident in Bollywood remakes?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>As several other scholars before me have argued, gender is central to the construction of Indianness. Post-independence cinema in the 1950s (films like <em>\u201cShree 420,\u201d<\/em> or \u201cMr. 420,\u201d Raj Kapoor\u2019s 1955 comedy-drama) fall back onto a gendered split where the heroine of the film anchors a cultural identity grounded in notions of purity, sacrifice, and ideal femininity so that the hero can represent the newly modernizing nation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the 1990s, this kind of split appears again, especially in films dealing with diasporic Indians. The burden of shoring up Indianness via a constructed feminine ideal allowed for the embrace of a global identity of the diasporic male hero. This is too simplistic of an explanation \u2014 in both kinds of films, the female characters are more complex, and yet the anxiety about modernity or Westernization is assuaged by constructing a certain femininity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In my book, I start by exploring remakes in the 1990s because they make obvious the ways in which this connection of gender and nation is revisited and transformed across different genres historically.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"666\" src=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/ChuckandLarry-1024x666.avif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27701\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/ChuckandLarry-1024x666.avif 1024w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/ChuckandLarry-300x195.avif 300w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/ChuckandLarry-768x499.avif 768w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/ChuckandLarry-1536x998.avif 1536w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/ChuckandLarry-1200x780.avif 1200w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/ChuckandLarry.avif 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-are-queer-identity-and-sexuality-depicted-in-bollywood-remakes\">How are queer identity and sexuality depicted in Bollywood remakes?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>I don\u2019t think there is one way. As I discuss in one chapter, the paths taken by two sets of films to depict queerness diverge significantly. For instance, I explore <em>\u201cDostana\u201d<\/em> (\u201cFriendship\u201d), the 2008 story of two straight men, Sameer and Kunal, who pretend to be gay so they can rent a Miami apartment, but then both fall in love with their female roommate, Neha. A remake of Hollywood\u2019s 2007 comedy-romance \u201cI Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry,\u201d the Bollywood film is important for representing queer themes, but it also imports globalized stereotypes of sexuality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In contrast, the intertextual triad created by Ismat Chughtai\u2019s short story \u201cLihaaf,\u201d Deepa Mehta\u2019s film \u201cFire\u201d (1996), and Abhishek Chaubey\u2019s \u201c<em>Dedh Ishqiya\u201d<\/em> (\u201cPassionate 1.5,\u201d 2014) resist any generalized stereotypical understandings of sexuality and instead map queerness as a continuum as articulated within a South Asian cultural context.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-has-your-time-spent-as-a-scholar-in-india-and-america-shaped-your-view-of-bollywood-hollywood-and-film-and-culture-in-general\">How has your time spent as a scholar in India and America shaped your view of Bollywood, Hollywood, and film and culture in general?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>I did not watch many films while I was growing up. That changed in college (at the University of Delhi), and in my bones, I still remember the joy of watching the Indian pop-folk song-and-dance number \u201cChaiyya Chaiyya\u201d on the big screen in Bollywood\u2019s <em>\u201cDil Se&#8230;\u201d<\/em> (\u201cFrom the Heart\u201d), a 1998 romance thriller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After coming to the U.S., I watched a lot of Indian films from different decades. Then, in my doctoral program at Syracuse University, I took a course on world cinema and another on Hollywood. Suddenly, things clicked. I had a vocabulary to think through all the fun stuff my brain had been accumulating over time. In addition to theoretical approaches based in gender and postcoloniality, I could think through concerns of production, reception, genre, and mode, but, most importantly, the form of film itself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The things that I took away during that time remain central to my book: that cinematic influence is multidirectional, and the remake shows that; that film is not a transparent medium functioning as a mere vehicle for the plot but that, instead, how a film tells the story via cinematography or editing is crucial to how one interprets it; and that ideological concerns like those pertaining to gender are in play and connected with all of these aspects.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-would-you-like-readers-to-take-away-from-your-book\">What would you like readers to take away from your book?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/Deja-Viewed-book-cover-683x1024.avif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27790\" style=\"width:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/Deja-Viewed-book-cover-683x1024.avif 683w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/Deja-Viewed-book-cover-200x300.avif 200w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/Deja-Viewed-book-cover-768x1152.avif 768w, https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/37\/Deja-Viewed-book-cover.avif 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>I hope that readers experience joy in thinking about the transcultural and transnational movement of film as opposed to buying into neocolonial hierarchies of certain industries being superior to others. A study of remakes does not just show how borrowing is an inherited aesthetic practice or one that can be part of the economics of mainstream productions but also conveys the love for cinema that crosses cultural borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Second, the book takes close analysis of film form seriously and underlines the importance of unpacking cinematic aspects of film as crucial to the meanings it can generate within its historical and industrial contexts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And finally, I hope that the book\u2019s readers understand how gender is crucial not just to the history of Hindi cinema and how it has been used for construction of an imagined Indianness, but that gender becomes visible through the remake when it grapples with translating one genre\u2019s gendered ideologies into another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-do-you-integrate-your-research-into-your-classes-at-clark\">How do you integrate your research into your classes at Clark?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Research and teaching are organically linked for me. Broadly, methodologically, my research is in gender studies, with a particular focus on transnational feminism. The international cinema courses I teach contain little bites of film theory and cultural and historical contexts. But at a broader level they are connected to my research \u2014 to how ideologies of power work in different international contexts and how they work across borders of industries, cultures, caste, class, and gender.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Specifically, my areas of research are Hindi cinema, remakes, and docudramas. I teach upper-division courses on two of these topics; I teach a research topics course on Bollywood, and I have taught a capstone on global remakes, which will soon be revamped into a \u201cspecial topics\u201d course. In Foundations of Screen Studies (SCRN 101), I also teach a unit on docudrama, which students research and work on for their final projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the other hand, a lot of my research is also informed by my teaching. An essay I published on docudrama and Afghani film emerged from teaching those films in SCRN 101 and in international cinema courses. I have also published two essays on masculinity and stardom, and this research began when I was preparing to teach the relevant films in my Bollywood course.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-s-next-for-you-in-your-research\">What\u2019s next for you in your research?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"h-\">I am excited to be starting a new project, in which I am looking at stardom, the genre of the courtesan film, and the intersection of Urdu literary culture and cinematic gaze in these films. I plan on doing archival research in India related to this topic during my sabbatical and hope to develop a course based on this research.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Professor Gohar Siddiqui explores how Hindi remakes of popular U.S. films have reflected \u2014 and helped shape \u2014 global culture.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":27700,"template":"","meta":{"story_color":"var(--clarku-color-dark-orange)","story_headerImg":27700,"section_label":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[225,239],"displayed_author":[242],"featured":[495],"topic":[250,160,204,133,196,162,184],"class_list":["post-27698","story","type-story","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arts-humanities","category-worcester-world","displayed_author-meredith-woodward-king","featured-research","topic-arts","topic-faculty-research","topic-film-and-screen","topic-global","topic-humanities","topic-research","topic-visual-and-performing-arts"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Once upon a time in Bollywood | ClarkU News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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