Frederick T. Greenaway

B.S. , Chemistry, Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1969
Ph.D ., Chemistry, Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand,1973
Postdoctoral Fellow, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, MI 1973-1974
Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 1974-1980

Current Research and Teaching

Our research group's interests are in studying metal-containing enzymes and bioinorganic model systems of the active sites of these enzymes, together with structural studies of metal binding to ligands of biological and environmental interest. Emphasis is placed on spectroscopic, particularly magnetic resonance (NMR and EPR), techniques.

Currently, the primary topics of interest are studies of the copper- and quinone-containing amine oxidases, which include diamine oxidase, benzylamine oxidase, and lysyl oxidase. These enzymes are important in the metabolic regulation of amines, oxidizing them to aldehydes. In the case of lysyl oxidase, this is the first step in the cross-linking of collagen and elastin, and leads to their great strength. The research is focused on understanding the details of the structure and mechanisms of action of these enzymes, with special emphasis on the role of the copper. The enzymes are isolated in our laboratory, and characterized spectroscopically and by activity measurements. Experiments include (a) EPR investigation of the copper and free radical species generated in the reaction with amine substrates, (b) NMR studies of the protein itself and of products of reactions, (c) absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy of the copper and quinone cofactors as the reactions proceed, (d) determination of the cystine crosslinks,(e) development of selective inhibitors, (f) using molecular biology techniques to produce site-directed mutants to characterize structurally important residues, and (g) computer modeling of the tertiary structure of the enzyme.

Selected Publications

"A novel serine protease from the snake venom of Agkistrodon blomhoffii ussurensis."  S. Liu, M.-Z. Sun, C. Sun, B. Zhao, F.T. Greenaway, and Q. Zheng, Toxicon 52, 760-768 (2008). 

"A Novel Plasminogen Activator from Agkistrodon blomhoffii Ussurensis Venon (ABUSVPA):  Purification and Characterization."  S. Liu, M.Z. Sun, F.T. Greenaway, Biochem. Biophys. Research Commun. 348, 1279-1287 (2006).

"Characterization of a Fibrinolytic Enzyme (Usserenase) from Agkistrodon blomhoffi Ussurensis Snake Venom:  Insights into the Effects of Ca²⁺ on Function and Structure.:  M.Z. Sun, S. Liu, F.T. Greenaway, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1764, 1340-1348 (2006).

“Synthesis, characterization and measurement of antioxidant reactivity of salicylidene-D,L-tyrosine ethyl ester and copper(II)(salicylidene-D,L-tyrosine ethyl ester)₂ in a linoleic acid peroxidation reaction system.” S.H. Minasyan, S.H. Ghazaryan, V.J. Tonoyan, S.A. Bajinyan, J.R.J. Sorenson, F.T. Greenaway, Synth. React. Inorg., Metal-Org., Nano-Metal Chem. 36, 425-434 (2006).

“Low-temperature (180K) crystal structures of tetrakis-μ-(niflumato)di(aqua)dicopper(II) N,N-dimethylformamide and N,N-dimethylacetamide solvates, their EPR properties, and anticonvulsant activities of these and other ternary binuclear copper(II)niflumate complexes.” B. Viossat, A. Tomas, F. T. Greenaway, J. J. Girerd, G. Morgant, J. C. Daran, D. Nguyen-Huy , J. R. J Sorenson, J. Inorg Biochem. 99, 355-367 (2005).

“Crystal structure of bis(aspirinato)diaquacadmium(II): An isotypic mononuclear complex resembling bis(aspirinato)diaquazinc(II),” B. Viossat, Nguyen Huy Dung, G. Morgant, F.T. Greenaway, J.R.J. Sorenson, Z. Kristallographie 219, 475-476 (2004).

“Novel antioxidants and radioprotectors on the basis of aminoacids, peptides and cations necessary for cell live vitality.” S.H. Ghazaryan, K.P. Grigoryan, A.I. Gevondyan, Y.V. Kobalyan, S.A. Bajinyan, S.H. Minasyan, M.G. Malakyan, A.S. Pogosyan, G.G. Gasparyan, G.M. Simonyan, F.T. Greenaway, J.R.J. Sorenson, “Collection of Works On the Bonding Between Structure and Biological Activity of Chemical Compounds,” publ. National Academy of Sciences of Armenia Institute of Fine Organic Chemistry, pp. 153-165 (2004).

“Anti-oxidant and pro-oxidant activities of copper(II), manganese(II) and iron(III) 3,5-di-i-propylsalicylate chelates during peroxidation of alkylbenzenes,” L. A. Tevadyan, G. Z. Sedrakyan, S. H. Minasyan, F. T. Greenaway, J. R. J. Sorenson, Transition Metal Chem. 29, 684-696 (2004).

“A peptide model of the copper-binding region of lysyl oxidase.” F. Ryvkin, F.T. Greenaway, J. Inorg. Biochem. 98, 1427-1435 (2004).

“Synthesis, crystal structures, and anticonvulsant activities of ternary [Zn^II(3,5-diisopropylsalicylate)₂], [Zn^II(salicylate)₂] and [Zn^II(aspirinate)₂] complexes.” P. Lemoine, B. Viossat, Nguyen Huy Dung, A. Tomas, G. Morgant, F.T. Greenaway, J.R.J. Sorenson, J. Inorg. Biochem. 98, 1734-1749 (2004).

“Low-temperature (180 K) crystal structure, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and propitious anticonvulsant activities of Cu(II) ₂(aspirinate)₄(DMF)₂ and other Cu(II)₂(aspirinate)₄ chelates.” B. Viossat, J-C. Daran, G. Savouret, G. Morgant, F. T. Greenaway, D. Nguyen-Huy, Van Anh Pham-Tran, J. R. J. Sorenson. J. Inorg. Biochem. 96, 375-385 (2003).

“Synthesis, crystal structure and anticonvulsant properties of binuclear and mononuclear 1,10-phenanthroline and salicylate ternary copper(II) complexes,” P. Lemoine, B. Viossat, G. Morgant, F. T. Greenaway, J. R. J. Sorenson, A. Tomas, N.-H. Dung, J. Inorg. Biochem. 89, 18-28 (2002).

“Anti-tert-Butylperoxide Radical reactivities of Copper(II), Manganese(II), and Iron(III) 3,5-Diisopropylsalicylate Chelates,” L. A. Tevadyan, H. G. Tonikyan, S. H. Minasyan, L. A. Harutyunyan, F. T. Greenaway, S. Williams, R. A. Gray, J. R. J. Sorenson. Inorg. Chim. Acta 328, 1-12 (2002).

“Cristallochimie des Complexes à visé thérapeutique du cuivre(II) et du zinc(II) par des anti-inflammatoires non-stéroïdiens,” B. Voissat, G. Morgant, J. R. J. Sorenson, M. Roch-Arveiller, J.-C. Daran, F. T. Greenaway, D. Nguyen Huy, Ann. Pharm. Franc. 60, 102-114 (2002).

“In vitro kinetic antioxidant activities of radioprotective and radiorecovery Cu(II), Mn (II) and Fe (III) 3,5-diisopropylsalicylate chelates.” L.A. Tavadyan A.K. Tonikyan, G.Z. Sedrakyan, S.H. Minasyan, F.T. Greenaway, J.R.J. Sorenson, J. Label. Comp. Radiopharmaceut. 44S1, 787-789, (2001).

“Low-Temperature Crystal Structures of Tetrakis-μ-3,5-diisopropylsalicylatodi-dimethylformamidodicopper(II) and Tetrakis-μ-3,5-diisopropylsalicylatodi-diethyletheratodicopper(II) and Their Role in Modulating Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Activity in Overcoming Seizures.” G. Morgant, N.-H. Dung, J.-C. Daran, B. Viossat, X. Labouze, M. Roch-Arveiller, F. T. Greenaway, W. Cordes, J. R. J. Sorenson, J. Inorg. Biochem. 81, 11-22 (2000).

“Structural Aspects of Lysyl Oxidase.” F.T. Greenaway, C. Qiu, F. Ryvkin, in “Biochemistry of Vitamin B6 and PQQ,” eds. A. Iriarte, H.M. Kagan, M. Martinez-Carrion, Birkhauser-Verlag AG, 97-100 (2000).