English: From blood to milk: violence and femininity in Shakespeare's Macbeth

Stacie Swoboda's research
Senior Stacie Swoboda shares Professor Vaughan's passion for Shakespeare. After taking two classes on Shakespeare with Dr. Vaughan, Stacie asked if Vaughan would supervise her senior honor's thesis (working title, above) on Shakespeare's tragedy Macbeth, a play based on an actual event in Scottish history.

Stacie analyzes the character of Lady Macbeth, a woman who conspires with her husband to kill the king and assume his throne. Stacie maintains that Lady Macbeth is the most complex of Shakespeare's female characters and she examines Lady Macbeth's motivations and the changes she must make in herself to commit such a terrible crime as regicide. Stacie concludes that Lady Macbeth must "unsex herself"--completely suppress her femininity--to do the deed. In the process, however, she destroys her sense of self. Overcome by unbearable guilt, she dies.

To gain insight into the Lady Macbeth's character and motivation for murder, Stacie studied a number of sources:

Below are two of Lady Macbeth's speeches revealing how she hardens herself and contrasting her intensity of purpose with that of her wavering husband.

From Act I Scene 5
Lady Macbeth:The raven himself is hoarse
That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan
Under my battlements. Come, you spirits
That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here
And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full
Of direst cruelty! Make thick my blood,
Stop up the access and passage to remorse,
That no compunctious visitings of nature
Shake my fell purpose nor keep peace between
The effect and it! Come to my woman's breasts,
And take my milk for gall, your murthering ministers,
Wherever in your sightless substances
You wait on nature's mischief! Come, thick night,
And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell
That my keen knife see not the wound it makes
Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark
To cry, "Hold, hold!"

From Act I Scene 7
Lady Macbeth: What beast was’t, then,
That made you break this enterprise to me?
When you durst do it then you were a man;
And, to be more than what you were, you would
Be so much more the man. Nor time nor place
Did then adhere, and yet you would make both:
They have made themselves, and that their fitness now
Does unmake you. I have given suck, and know
How tender ’tis to love the babe that milks me:
I  would, while it was smiling in my face,
Have pluck’d my nipple from his boneless gums,
And dash’d the brains out, had I so sworn as you
Have done to this